Obstetrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the care of pregnant women, childbirth, and the postpartum period, including monitoring the health of both the mother and the developing fetus.

An OB-GYN is a medical doctor who specializes in both obstetrics (pregnancy and childbirth) and gynecology (women’s reproductive health). They provide care for women throughout their reproductive life, from adolescence to menopause.

It’s advisable to schedule your first prenatal visit with an OB-GYN or healthcare provider as soon as you think you might be pregnant or as soon as you have a positive pregnancy test. Early prenatal care is essential for the health of both the mother and the baby.

Prenatal visits typically involve physical exams, monitoring of the baby’s growth and development, discussing any concerns or questions, and receiving guidance on nutrition, exercise, and childbirth preparation.

A high-risk pregnancy is one in which the mother or baby has an increased chance of developing complications. Factors that can contribute to a high-risk pregnancy include maternal age, pre-existing medical conditions, multiple pregnancies (twins or more), and pregnancy-related complications.

It’s recommended that women start seeing a gynecologist for routine check-ups and screenings, such as Pap smears and breast exams, in their late teens or early twenties, or sooner if they have specific concerns or symptoms.

A Pap smear is a screening test for cervical cancer. It involves collecting cells from the cervix and examining them for abnormalities. The frequency of Pap smears can vary based on your age, risk factors, and medical history, but it’s typically done every three years for women aged 21-29 and less frequently for older women with normal results.

Common gynecological conditions include menstrual disorders, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), fibroids, ovarian cysts, and infections. These conditions can cause symptoms like pelvic pain, irregular periods, and abnormal bleeding.