Gastroenterology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions related to the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Common GI symptoms include persistent abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, difficulty swallowing, heartburn (acid reflux), unexplained weight loss, and changes in bowel habits.

Gastroenterologists diagnose and treat various digestive disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, gallstones, and liver diseases (e.g., hepatitis).

Colonoscopy is recommended for individuals aged 50 and older for routine colorectal cancer screening. It is also used to investigate digestive symptoms and assess the health of the colon and rectum. During the procedure, a flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the colon to visualize the lining and detect abnormalities.

Dietary changes vary depending on the specific condition, but generally, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is recommended. Reducing spicy, greasy, and fatty foods can also be beneficial for some digestive disorders.

A liver biopsy involves obtaining a small sample of liver tissue for microscopic examination. It is performed to diagnose liver diseases, assess liver damage or fibrosis, and determine the most appropriate treatment.