Clinical Pathology is a medical specialty that involves the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases through the analysis of bodily fluids, tissues, and cells. It encompasses various laboratory tests and techniques.

 Clinical Pathology laboratories analyze blood, urine, tissue samples, body fluids (such as cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid), and other specimens to diagnose and monitor diseases.

 Blood tests are used to assess a wide range of health indicators, including blood cell counts, electrolyte levels, glucose levels, liver function, kidney function, cholesterol levels, and markers of inflammation.

A CBC measures the numbers and types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A BMP measures various metabolic markers in the blood, such as electrolytes, glucose, and kidney function.

A biopsy involves the removal of a small tissue sample for examination. The sample is then processed, embedded in paraffin wax, thinly sliced, stained, and examined under a microscope by a pathologist.

A Pap smear (Pap test) is a screening test used to detect cervical cancer and precancerous changes in the cells of the cervix. It involves collecting cells from the cervix and examining them for abnormalities.

Tumor markers are substances produced by cancer cells or normal cells in response to cancer. Elevated levels of certain tumor markers can help diagnose and monitor the progression of certain cancers.

Clinical Pathology laboratories perform tests to identify infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This includes culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serological tests.